Menuju Kampus Ramah Disabilitas Di Perguruan Tinggi Keagamaan: Kajian dan Pengembangan Model Kebijakan Disabilitas di UIN Bandung
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59395/p3mw0h64Keywords:
Mahasiswa disabilitas, Inklusi Disabilitas, Pendidikan Tinggi Inklusif, Kebijakan Pendidikan Inklusif, Kebijakan Disabilitas Universitas, Metode Pengajaran Inklusif, Aksesibilitas KampusAbstract
Studi ini mengkaji pengembangan dan implementasi kebijakan inklusi disabilitas di UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung, sebuah perguruan tinggi berbasis agama di Indonesia. Meskipun terdapat mandat internasional dan jaminan konstitusional, masih terdapat perguruan tinggi kesulitan menerapkan prinsip-prinsip inklusif, dan UIN Bandung tidak terkecuali. Untuk mengatasi kesenjangan ini, kami menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif partisipatif yang menggabungkan wawancara mendalam dan Diskusi Kelompok Terfokus (FGD) dengan pimpinan universitas, dosen, dan mahasiswa penyandang disabilitas. Data dikodekan secara tematis dan divisualisasikan melalui analisis frekuensi kata di NVivo12 Plus, menghasilkan words claud untuk mengungkap tema wacana yang dominan. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa "disabilitas", "mahasiswa", dan "kampus" mendominasi narasi pemangku kepentingan, yang mencerminkan fokus institusi yang kuat pada pengalaman mahasiswa. Para peserta menekankan dua pilar inklusi, kerangka kebijakan formal dan layanan pendukung, sementara juga menyoroti hambatan struktural seperti anggaran terbatas, staf terlatih yang tidak memadai, dan aksesibilitas kampus yang tidak merata. Prevalensi istilah seperti "kebijakan", "layanan", “anggaran” dan "tantangan" menggarisbawahi fase transisi di mana komitmen normatif melampaui kapasitas operasional. Berlandaskan teori penetapan agenda dan implementasi, serta prinsip-prinsip Desain Universal untuk Pembelajaran (UDL), kami mensintesis wawasan ini ke dalam matriks kebijakan praktis. Matriks ini merinci tindakan konkret, aktor yang bertanggung jawab, mekanisme implementasi, indikator keberhasilan, dan alokasi sumber daya, sehingga dapat diadaptasi untuk universitas lain. Simpulannya, UIN Bandung harus menyeimbangkan visi normatifnya tentang inklusi dengan investasi yang terarah dalam infrastruktur, pengembangan kapasitas, dan tata kelola partisipatif. Model kami menawarkan peta jalan yang dapat direplikasi untuk lembaga keagamaan maupun sekuler, menjembatani kesenjangan antara tujuan kebijakan dan praktik inklusif.
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